Showing posts with label Restorative justice. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Restorative justice. Show all posts

Saturday, November 30, 2013

From Death Row to Restorative Justice

In June this year Texas marked a solemn moment in criminal justice history when it executed its 500th inmate since resuming capital punishment in 1982. Over coffee, on a misty November morning in Houston, Reverend Richard Lopez tells me he has witnessed nearly a hundred such deaths. Like Sister Helen Prejean he has stood by the side of the condemned, shared their last meal, laid one hand on their ankle as the lethal fluid is administered -- and prayed for God's grace.

As he recounts the stories of several of the men who he has attended to, he frequently falters, his eyes thick with emotion. Here is a man still deeply troubled by what he has witnessed. His original calling was to offer solace to the condemned, encourage repentance and show the way to God's forgiveness. Even the hardest and most brutal of men have softened to Rev. Lopez's gentle kindness. He went on to create support systems for the families who come to witness their loved one's last moments. Observing how devastated the mothers were as they watched their adult children move rapidly from a state of relative health to sudden death, he also created a system whereby family members could immediately after the execution visit the funeral home to say their good-byes in privacy.


Source: Huff Post-Crime, November 29, 2013

Thursday, March 3, 2011

University forum speaker: ‘Dead Man Walking’ author learned from victims’ families

Sr. Helen Prejean
Sister Helen Prejean, by her own admission, met Lloyd LeBlanc at the worst possible time. But what he taught her made LeBlanc the hero, she says, of the story that made Prejean possibly the best-known opponent of the death penalty in America.

In 1982, the New Orleans nun became a pen pal with, and then spiritual advisor to, Patrick Sonnier, an inmate on Louisiana’s death row for the 1977 murders of teenagers Loretta Bourque and David LeBlanc. Familiarizing herself with the graphic details of the case, Prejean both questioned her relationship with Sonnier and received a “nudge” to contact the victims’ families—a prod she didn’t heed, she recalled March 1 at Bluffton University.

As a result, she had no contact with the families until a Louisiana Pardon Board hearing, the last legal hurdle to the execution that she was there to oppose. Meeting outside while the board was voting, the outraged Bourque family avoided her. She was prepared for the same response from the LeBlancs, but what came next surprised, and instructed, her.

Telling Prejean that the family name died with his only son, Lloyd LeBlanc reminded her that “you never once came to us” and added that she couldn’t imagine the pressure on the families due to the death penalty. Shocked, she thought to herself, “What does he mean, ‘pressure,’?” she remembered.

LeBlanc told Prejean she needed to pray with him and, as they knelt in a chapel, he prayed for everyone involved, including Sonnier’s mother, on whom a town’s hatred was also being poured, Prejean related.

As she and LeBlanc became friends, he took her through his journey of trying to follow the Gospel after being “thrown into the fire” by his son’s murder. He felt he had to be in favor of the death penalty or it would appear he didn’t love his son, he explained. “That’s what he meant by the ‘pressure,’” Prejean said.

LeBlanc acquiesced to the pro-death penalty voices at first, he admitted to her. But the hatred connected with wanting to see someone suffer and die “gets inside you,” he added, and “I didn’t like the way it made me feel.” He decided he wouldn’t let the state kill him, and the person he was, too, Prejean said, quoting LeBlanc as saying “I’m gonna do what Jesus said to do” and forgive.

Although forgiveness is often equated with weakness, it actually “preserves love and integrity,” she told her Bluffton audience, calling LeBlanc the first of many victims’ family members who have taught her lessons on her journey with the death penalty.

Prejean’s experience with the Sonnier case became her best-selling, Pulitzer Prize-nominated book, “Dead Man Walking: An Eyewitness Account of the Death Penalty in the United States.” The 1995 film adaptation of the book starred Academy Award-winner Susan Sarandon as Prejean, who spoke at Bluffton as part of the Smucker Distinguished Lectureship Series.

She advocated for restorative justice—which she credited the Mennonite community for helping implement in many places—and for greater support for murder victims’ families, rather than redemptive violence. She had been stunned to learn, she said, how victims’ families are left alone because others don’t know how to deal with their pain. Thus, she continued, they become pariahs along with the murderers. “Do we have to have another death?” she asked. “We have life without parole in every state."

Prejean, who began her prison ministry in 1981, acknowledged that it took her a while to come to an understanding about Jesus siding with outcasts in the Gospel. “For a long time, I didn’t get it,” said the Baton Rouge, La., native, who admittedly grew up in privilege and with black servants in a segregated society.

Moving into the St. Thomas Housing Project in New Orleans, where she saw black people struggling for their lives, changed her heart, Prejean said. “Seeing people suffering—that’s what changed me,” she added.

“Racism is integral in the application of the death penalty,” she argued, citing statistics that 80 % of U.S. death-row prison cells hold people who have killed whites, while half of all American murder victims are people of color. She said, too, that less than 1 percent of convicted murders are ultimately executed, and they tend to fit a profile of being poor and killing white people. The system is “so filled with fluke,” she continued, noting that the state where the crime is committed is also a prime factor in determining whether capital punishment will be applied.

“Consciousness triggers conscience,” said Prejean, who has accompanied six men to the execution chambers of Louisiana and Texas and also wrote “The Death of Innocents: An Eyewitness Account of Wrongful Executions,” in 2004. “We have a lot of reasons not to think of people in prisons,” she said, but when people become aware, “consciousness brings with it a responsibility."

“We need to end this government killing of people."

The Smucker series, which brings significant contributors to the field of social work to the Bluffton campus, is named for Carl Smucker, who taught social work at Bluffton for 34 years beginning in 1944.

Source: Bluffton Icon, March 2, 2011
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Texas: Many death row prisoners want to apologize, Canadian study finds

Wilfred Laurier University researcher Judy Eaton, who was part of a panel discussion at the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences conference in Toronto Wednesday, concluded in a study that nearly 1/3 of death row inmates made sincere apologies for their crimes.

When Canadian researcher Judy Eaton set out to study the human yearning to apologize she turned her sights to Texas’s death row.

In the final minutes before execution, condemned prisoners have no realistic hope of changing their fate and nothing practical to gain from telling victims they are sorry.

Yet many do.

In what is believed to be the first study of apologies in such a setting, Eaton, an associate professor of psychology at Wilfrid Laurier University’s Brantford campus, along with criminology student Anna Theuer, analyzed the last statements of 305 inmates executed by Texas between 1982 and 2007.

Nearly a third spontaneously apologized for their crimes and showed signs of true repentance, such as taking responsibility for their actions and expressions of empathy.

The results were presented Wednesday at a meeting of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences in Toronto.

While previous research on apologies focused on people with their lives ahead of them, the prisoners who apologized before being put to death in Texas could do nothing more to affect their sentence or gain leniency.

This doesn’t mean their apologies were all sincere, Eaton acknowledges, and it doesn’t discount the possibility inmates were apologizing to make themselves feel better or because of religious beliefs about being judged in an afterlife.

But it does reduce the possibility they offered regrets for purely manipulative reasons and also dispels the image of death row inmates as largely unrepentant and in denial about guilt, she said.

With research already confirming victims want and benefit from apologies, the results of the Texas study also suggest that criminal justice systems should devote more attention to ensuring offenders can provide them, Eaton said.

“The general take-home message is they (offenders) do want to apologize and victims do tend to want apologies,” she said in an interview. “So, clearly the apology needs to be considered in the criminal justice system."

In some ways, Canada has already taken the lead, Eaton said, with restorative justice programs as well as legislation in three provinces, including Ontario, which allows people to offer apologies without admitting legal liability.

In introducing the legislation three years ago, Attorney General Chris Bentley said the absence of an apology can lead to bitter and protracted litigation when people are wronged.

Wrongly convicted Canadians have also sought apologies from the courts and Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized on behalf of Canadians in 2008 to former students of Indian Residential Schools.

But unlike Britain and Australia, the federal government hasn’t apologized for an early 20th century migration scheme that brought thousands of children to Canada as indentured labour.

University of Central Florida researcher Timothy Colyer, who also spoke at the Toronto conference, argues death row offenders may adopt a deferential tone in their final statements because they’re trying to cling to whatever thread of dignity they have and because they fell into a habit of showing respect to prison staff to receive humane treatment.

Dead Men Talking

Canadians Judy Eaton and Anna Theuer analyzed the last statements of executed offenders, which are published on the Texas Department of Criminal Justice website.

Their work was funded by a grant from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

Here’s what some prisoners said:

Richard Dinkins, executed Jan 29, 2003

“If there were any way I could change things and bring them back I would."

Keith Clay, executed March 20, 2003

“I know you have suffered a great loss."

Douglas Roberts, executed April 20, 2005 (coded in the study as insincere)

“Okay, I’ve been hanging around this Popsicle stand way too long. When I die, bury me deep, lay two speakers at my feet, put some headphones on my head and rock and roll me when I’m dead."

Michael Hall, executed Feb. 15, 2011 (after the study)

“I would like to give my sincere apology to Amy’s family. We caused a lot of heartache, grief, pain and suffering, and I’m sorry. I know it won’t bring her back. I would like to sing. I would like to sing, for that person’s dead. The old is gone. I am not the same person that I used to be . . . As for my family, I am sorry I let you down."

Source: The Star, March 2, 2011
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