Tuesday, November 1, 2011

Lifelong Death Sentences

WASHINGTON —In 1978, when he was 27, Manuel Valle killed a police officer in Coral Gables, Fla. In September, when he was 61, Mr. Valle was put to death for his crime.

A couple of hours earlier, the Supreme Court had refused to stay his execution — with one dissent. Justice Stephen G. Breyer wrote that the 33 years Mr. Valle had spent on death row amounted to cruel and unusual punishment.

That line of reasoning strikes some supporters of the death penalty as perverse. “It is a very strange argument to say that a murderer can delay justice with protracted appeals for decades and then turn around and claim his own delay as a reason to escape his deserved punishment altogether,” said Kent Scheidegger, the legal director of the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation.

But Justice Breyer’s approach has historical support, and it is in line with international opinion.

Foreign courts have ruled that living for decades under the threat of imminent execution is a form of psychological torment.


Source: The New York Times, October 31, 2011

From Fit to Fat in 6 months!


 Oh, this is almost unbelievable!  This amazingly, fit, strong-looking man (very muscular) goes from looking like that to a typical overweight gentleman.  Eek!  How did he do it - and in 6 months flat?!!  Apparently, he simply ate the junk food everyone eats in North America.  Check out the full post on Dr. Eenfeldt's blog.

Iran: One person hanged in Bushehr province while another was forgiven at the last moment

Hamid Moghadam, the head of the Prosecutor’s office at Bushehr province said to reporters that on early Monday morning the execution by hanging of Ali Rafiipour took place. He had been convicted of murdering a member of the police force, Mazaher Rahimi, in 2004.

It was reported that the mother, father and two daughters of the victim were present during the hanging.

Per Aslavieh News, in further comments Mr. Moghadam said the other defendant was taken to the gallows and was about to be hanged but was forgiven by the victim’s family at the last moment. He said, “The murderer’s name is Ahmad Dastanbous from a town close to the city of Jam. In 2003 he was involved in a scuffle resulting in his killing of two brothers from Fars province by the names of Mehdi and Hadi Kargar.”

He continued, “legal procedures were used to examine the case and the execution verdict was handed down by the courts, which was approved by the Head of the Judiciary. Per the Supreme Court the execution by hanging was to take place this morning. The murderer was escorted to the gallows with the noose about to be put around his neck when unexpectedly the mother of the victims who was present announced that she forgave the accused. At that moment the accused was escorted down from the scaffold. This mother announced that for the peace and happiness of the spirit of her children she has now forgiven this youth.”

He added that the mother had not received any retribution money for the murders of her sons. She chose to forgive in the name of god and in order to provide peace and content to the spirits of her sons.

The head of the Office of the Prosecutor also stated that the execution by hanging of an individual convicted of murdering an intelligence officer had taken place that morning. He said, “Ali Rafiipour who martyred officer Mazar Rahimi in 2005 was executed this morning. The execution of the murderer was approved by the Head of the Judiciary and upheld at the Supreme Court.”

He said, “The mother, father and two daughters of the martyr were present when the accused was hanged.”


Source: Rahana, October 27, 2011

Iran: Saeed Malekpour again sentenced to death with an additional 7.5 years imprisonment

The death sentence that had been struck down by the country’s Supreme Court has been reinstated by Branch 28 of the Revolutionary Court presided by Judge Moghiseh.

Last Wednesday Saeed Malekpour was taken to Branch 28 of the Revolutionary Court and was handed down a death sentence from Judge Moghisheh for the second time. He also received an additional sentence of 7.5 years behind bars.

According to a trusted source that spoke to Human Rights House of Iran and asked to remain anonymous, this last court session took place in a very speedy manner. The source said, “During the court session at Branch 28 of the Revolutionary Court, five of Saeed Malekpour’s interrogators were present to testify against him along with another five individuals who were present as witnesses against him. Those 5 individuals who testified against him were people whose names had been on the Gerdab website as managers along with Saeed. The interrogators were supposedly there to answer technical questions but they had no knowledge whatsoever and were not able to answer questions posed by the defendant’s attorney. Saeed’s family and attorney made numerous requests for neutral judiciary-trusted IT experts to study and investigate his case and share their findings in court, but their requests were denied. The court handed down a verdict after 2 weeks.

Previously the country’s Supreme Court struck down the execution verdict that was handed down to Saeed stemming from charges of alleged involvement in obscene websites, and ordered a new trial to take place. Saeed’s court dossier was then returned to Branch 28 of the Revolutionary Court for review while he remained behind bars.

Saeed Malekpour, born in 1975, is a Material Science Engineer who received his undergraduate degree from the prestigious Sharif University. He worked in Iran at a research center and as an inspector. He was a resident of Canada before his arrest. He was accepted to Canada’s Victoria University and had moved there for his graduate studies.

Saeed travelled to Iran from Canada to visit his ailing father in 2008. While in Iran, plainclothes officials arrested him and he was kept at Evin prison in solitary confinement for almost a year without access to legal representation.

According to his family and lawyer, the charges against Saeed are false; he is an IT expert whose programs were used without his knowledge in adult websites. Saeed in a letter from prison explained the inaccuracy of the trumped up charges against him and said that if his programs were used by the specified websites, he had not been aware of it.

Saeed was transferred 9 months ago from the public ward 350 of Evin prison to the cells in ward 2A of the prison, which is under the supervision of Iran’s Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC). He has spent the past 9 months in this section, the same ward he was held in the first year of his incarceration.

Saeed’s mother, Akram Esmailzadeh spoke to Human Rights House of Iran.

“About 9 months ago, they transferred Saeed back to ward 2A. They said this was because of the letter he had written while behind bars in ward 350. This is why he has been transferred out of the public ward. But this time he is not in solitary confinement; he is in a cell with 4 other prisoners where the conditions and food is better than in solitary.”

Saeed Malekpour’s mother who is in not in good health and exibits deep worry for her son continued, “I am a tormented mother, during this long period that Saeed has spent behind bars I have endured intense hardships along with my other children, and my husband who passed away. Saeed’s father had cancer. About one year after Saeed’s arrest, his father lost his life. The physical condition of Saeed’s ailing father rapidly deteriorated as he agonized over his son’s incarceration.”

With tears streaming down, Esmailzadeh continued. “These are not characteristics of my son, I have not taught my son to lie. The charges against Saeed cannot possibly be true. My Saeed is a principled boy; he put his brother and sister through universities so now they have a college education. We have endured great hardships during this time. I am a mother. I can’t bare the thought of my Saeed being held in prison. I cannot believe that 4 years have gone by with Saeed behind bars in Evin prison. It is excruciating for us to tolerate this situation. I don’t know what I’m supposed to do.”

Saeed Malekpour’s mother spoke to Human Rights House of Iran regarding the recent sentencing and the verdict that is to be handed down to her son.

“I pray to god they don’t give him the death penalty again. I can’t bear this any longer. During this period I have written so many letters to so many places. I thank the legislators for responding to my letter, saying they will pursue this matter. I had written letters to others too; the presidency, to Mr. Khamenei, to judicial authorities. But I only heard back from the legislators and I thank them for that. We don’t have any issues with anyone. We are not a political family. I just want my son to be set free. I am a suffering mother. I raised my children under difficult conditions. Their father was sick and I worked hard so I could provide my children with an education. I am barely educated myself but I taught my children to never inflict pain on any human being. I taught them to be positive, contributing members of society.”

Akram Esmailzadeh spoke of her visitations with her son.

“It has become much better than it used to be. They allow us to see Saeed once every 2 months. At the beginning it was not good. I could only see him every 4 to 5 months. Now every once in a while the prison officials even allow him to make a short contact from jail. The encounters are good. They provide us a nice room for in-person visits and even serve us [tea]. They are nice to us and treat us with dignity. Saeed’s brother and sister visit him too, but I don’t take my other daughter to visit her brother. She suffers from severe depression stemming from Saeed’s incarceration and her condition worsens if she comes to the prison.”

Saeed Malekpour’s mother discussed the circumstances of her son’s arrest.

“He had just returned to Iran to visit his ailing father. On the day of his arrest he had gone to buy medicines for his sick father. We waited and waited but he never returned until nighttime. When he finally came home, several individuals who entered with him and started to search our home accompanied him. Their behavior was fine and they were not rude. They left with Saeed and took some of our personal items such as computers and even medicines and books, which were returned to us later. After 3 days Saeed called us in tears and said ‘please bless me.’ For months we had no idea where he was being held and for what reason he had been arrested. After 4 months the Revolutionary Court informed us that Saeed was being held in Evin prison and we were finally allowed to visit Saeed in prison.”

Saeed Malekpour moved to Canada in 2004 and travelled to Iran in 2008 in order to visit his ailing father. IRG forces arrested him and Saeed spent almost the entire first year of his incarceration behind bars in solitary confinement. His wife, Zahra Eftekhari wrote in a letter that was published about a year ago, in which she shared that when she visited her husband he had visible signs of torture on his body.

In a published letter that Saeed Malekpour wrote while behind bars, he relayed the severe torture he endured especially during the time he spent in ward 2A.

“Most of the times groups of interrogators would torture me at the same time. While I was blindfolded and handcuffed several individuals would kick me and beat me armed with cables, batons, whips, and their fists. They struck me all over my body including at times my face and neck. Their actions were aimed at forcing me to write what the interrogators were dictating, and to compel me to play a role in front of the camera based on their written scenarios. Sometimes they used electric shock, which was excruciatingly painful and for moments rendered me immobile. During a torture session in September 2008 while I was naked and blindfolded they threatened to rape me with a water bottle. During the interrogations the force of the lashes, the kicks and punches to my face were so fierce, my whole face had become severely swollen. I passed out from the intensity many times during these interrogations and they would pour water on my face to wake me up.”

Branch 28 of the Revolutionary Court sentenced Saeed Malekpour to death stemming from charges of “management of pornographic sites, insulting the clergy, insulting the leadership, insulting the president, affiliation with anti-government groups, and corruption on earth.”

Source: Rahana, October 30, 2011

Related articles:
Jun 08, 2011
For 6 months Canadian resident Saeed Malekpour has been living in the shadow of death in Iran's feared Evin prison. But the Supreme Court has rescinded the death sentence and the case against him is being reviewed. ...
Dec 06, 2010
Any negotiations undertaken by the Canadian government to secure the release of Saeed Malekpour, a Richmond Hill, Ont., website developer facing the death penalty in Iran for allegedly designing “adult” websites, ...
Jan 31, 2011
Saeed Malekpour, 35, was convicted of "designing and moderating adult content websites," "agitation against the regime" in Tehran, and "insulting the sanctity of Islam," according to an online campaign calling for his release. ...

The Cost Of Death

Ineffective trial lawyers, inconclusive evidence, inconsistent testimony, and impenetrable procedural thickets are hardly unique to capital cases. Nonetheless, the Court is far less likely to pay attention to these claims when the consequences to the defendant seem less harsh. Criminal law and procedure scholars such as Robert Weisberg of Stanford and Douglas Berman of Ohio State have described how the Court’s concern with death leads it to shortchange the constitutional claims of defendants facing lesser punishments. Berman has calculated that about one in ten thousand state felony sentences is a death sentence, yet the Court devotes more resources to reviewing death sentences than to reviewing claims in all other criminal cases combined. And while the Court has repeatedly considered whether a death sentence is proportionate to a particular class of crimes—for example, barring death sentences for non-homicide offenses or for juvenile or mentally retarded defendants—it has set virtually no limits on the severity of prison sentences. In the 40 years that the Court has been actively policing capital punishment, prison sentences have lengthened and the U.S. prison population has skyrocketed. With execution at the top end of the scale of punishment, a life sentence begins to look something like leniency, and other sentences are inflated in turn.

Capital cases also consume thousands of hours of legal services from some of the finest legal minds in America. The time those lawyers spend challenging death sentences of inmates whose guilt is not seriously in doubt could be spent preventing and remedying wrongful convictions, ensuring that all defendants receive prompt appointment of competent counsel, and attacking draconian prison conditions, not to mention providing civil justice to poor and disenfranchised people. But as long as the death penalty is with us, superb and committed lawyers at organizations such as the Southern Center for Human Rights, the Equal Justice Initiative, and the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund will find themselves defending the lives of a few while the lives of many others continue to be ruined by pervasive flaws in our criminal justice system.


Source: Pamela S. Karlan, Boston Review, November/December 2011

Special November reductions from RootsIreland

RootsIreland.ie, the Irish Family History Foundation's online research service is reducing its prices during November.

For one month only, the cost to view an individual record will be discounted to €3.50

The price structure for the Advanced Search System (which operates when there is more than one relevant result to your search) is as follows:

  • 1 record €3.50
  • 2 records – €6.50
  • 3-4 records – €11.00
  • 5–10 records €20.00
  • 11–15 records €30.00

Additional new records are promised by RootsIreland 'soon'. These are expected to include a first tranche of records from Wexford.

Events for early November

You can tell the clocks have changed - there's a long list of events talking place indoors this month. Here's the line-up for the first half of the month.

All month: Plantation of Ulster Exhibition, examining this turbulent period of the 17th century, when many Scots and English moved into Ulster. Linen Hall Library, Belfast. Free.

Tuesday 1 November: Kerry Surnames, with Paul McCotter. Kerry Archaeological & History Society. Tralee Library, 7.30pm.

Wednesday 2 November: Plantation of Ulster, an in-depth talk with expert Gordon Lucy. Linen Hall Library. 1pm. Free.

Friday 4 November: Recent Excavations at Carrickfergus Castle, a talk by Emily Murray. MBR, Public Reading Room, Waterman House, 5-33 Hill Street, Belfast BT1 2LA. 1-2pm. Free. All welcome.

Saturday 5 November: Irish Family History Society's Autumn Meeting, with Noelle Dowling discussing Dublin Diocesan Archives, and George Stewart presenting 'Researching my Stewart Family'. Also IFHS bookstall. Dublin City Library and Archive, 138/144 Pearse Street, Dublin 2. 10am to 1pm. All welcome. ifhs@eircom.net.

Monday 7 November: Church and community in the diocese of Elphin, with Brian Shanahan. Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, 63, Merrion Sq South, Dublin. 7.30pm.

Tuesday 8 November: Barrack Obama's Benn & Donovan ancestors, with Fiona Fitzsimons. Genealogical Society of Ireland. Dún Laoghaire College of Further Education, Cumberland Street, Dún Laoghaire. 8pm. €3 admission.

Wednesday 9 November: History Ireland Hedge School. Where does the truth lie about the 1641 Depositions? Discussion with Mícheál Ó Siochrú, Jane Ohlmeyer, Eamon Darcy and Patrick Fitzgerald. National Library of Ireland, 7pm. All welcome. Booking not required.

Thursday 10 November: The Plantation of Ulster: The British Colonisation of the North of Ireland, by Jonathan Bardon. Book launch and talk. Linen Hall Library. 6pm. Free.

Thursday 10 November:
County Wicklow in 1911, with James Scannell. Enniskerry History Society, Powerscourt Arms Hotel, 8.30pm. €4 admission.

Friday 11 November: Rededication of two war memorials, plus ecumenical and military ceremonies, at the O’Connell Tower, Glasnevin Cemetery at 3pm.

Saturday 12 November: Dublin Maritime Morning. Three talks: Dublin Port, Past and Present, with Niall Dardis, Dublin's Dockers, with Francis Devine, and A Dublin Shipbuilder/Shipyard, with Pat Sweeney. Dublin City Library and Archive, Pearse Street, Dublin, 10am to 1 p.m Admission free. All welcome.

Saturday 12 November: Trace your relatives who fought in World War One. Help with tracing military ancestors, followed by talks, enactments and displays National Museum of Ireland, Collins Barracks, Dublin. 10.30-4pm. Free.

Sunday 13 November: Annual Service of Remembrance held at St Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin, commemmorating all those who have died in war. 3.00pm.

Monday 14 November:
History of the diocese of Galway, with Peadar O'Dowd. Galway Archaeological & Historical Society. Harbour Hotel, the Docks, Galway. 8pm.